In the Old Town of Kashgar, an ancient Silk Road city, smiling food vendors serve mouthwatering lamb skewers while children play in the streets.
โIt did not look to me like โ unless you were picked up and put in a camp โ that these Uygur communities seemed to be living in some kind of fear,โ says William Lee, who has taught at universities in China for 10 years and visited the region in June. โThat is just my impression,โ he says.
Xinjiang, where flare-ups of inter-ethnic violence have led to unprecedented levels of surveillance, is one of the fastest-growing areas for tourism in China.
โ mainly from domestic tourists โ outstripping the national average by 25 percent, according to official figures.
The business has grown steadily over the years mainly because โXinjiang is very stableโ, explains Wu Yali, who runs a travel agency in the region. Though tourists are not used to the high level of security at first, โthey adapt after a few daysโ, she says.
Travelers are barred from witnessing the most controversial part of Xinjiangโs security apparatus: the network of internment camps spread across the vast region.
Many of these facilities are outside main tourist hubs and are fenced off with razor-wired walls. China describes the facilities as โvocational education centersโ where Turkic-speaking โtraineesโ learn Chinese and job skills.
โThe violence that is being inflicted on the bodies of Uygur and other Muslim people โฆ has been rendered invisible,โ says Rachel Harris, who studies Uygur culture and music at the School of Oriental and African Studies University of London.
โFor a tourist who goes and travels around a designated route, it all looks nice,โ she says. โItโs all very quiet and that is because thereโs a regime of terror being imposed on the local people.โ
According toย Peopleโs Daily, the regional government offered travelers subsidies worth 500 yuan (US$73) each in 2014, after tourism plunged following a deadly knife attack blamed on Xinjiang separatists in southwest China.
By 2020, Xinjiang is aiming to hit a total of 300 million visits by tourists and earn US$87 billion from tourism, according to the regionโs tourism bureau.
Many also offer โethnicโ experiences, often in the form of dance performances. Some tour operators include visits to Uygur homes.
Even as Chinese authorities seek to contain the regionโs Muslim minorities, they are monetizing ethnic culture โ albeit a simplified version of it, experts say.
โUygur culture is being boiled down to just song and dance,โ says Josh Summers, an American who lived in Xinjiang for more than a decade and wrote travel guides for the region.
โWhat makes me sad is what ends up happening is there are only very specific parts of Uygur culture that get maintained because of the tourism,โ he says, citing the neglect of Uygur paper-making traditions and desert shrines.
Beijingโs security clampdown has also squeezed the artisanal knife trade in the city of Yengisar, says Summers.
โEver since the management of Xinjiang became stricter, the impact on Yengisarโs small knives has been very large โ now there are very few shops selling small knives,โ says Li Qingwen, who runs a tourism business in Xinjiang.
The government wants Uygurs to โshow how they excel in singing and dancing, instead of living under religious rules and restrictionsโ, he says. But while ethnic song and dance is showcased to tourists, Uygurs are often restricted in how they express their own culture.
Officials said no one actually saw smoke.
The plan landed safely and allย the passengers are now off the plane. The plane will be checked by mechanics, officials said.
WHAT TO TAKE AWAY FROM THIS ARTICLE:
- According to a report in the South China Morning Post, the government has rounded up an estimated one million Uygurs and members of other mostly Muslim Turkic-speaking minorities into re-education camps in the tightly controlled region in China's northwest while creating a parallel universe for visitors, who are shown a carefully curated version of traditional customs and culture.
- โIt did not look to me like โ unless you were picked up and put in a camp โ that these Uygur communities seemed to be living in some kind of fear,โ says William Lee, who has taught at universities in China for 10 years and visited the region in June.
- Authorities see the potential tourism has, and from the expansive dunes of the Taklamakan Desert to the snow-capped peaks of Tianshan,ย are selling Xinjiang as a tourist idyll, welcoming travelers even as they send locals to internment camps.